Solution

Demographic profile of India during the colonial period is as follows:

1. High Birth Rate was 48 per thousand and High Death Rate was 40 per thousand respectively.

2. Infant Mortality Rate was 218 per thousand which is very high.

3. Life Expectancy rate was 32 years on average.

4. The literacy rate was below 16 per cent, which shows the backwardness of the society.

From the above data, it can be inferred that India was undergoing a phase of poverty, low standard of living and low survival rate. This situation was aggravated with the absence of health care facilities and lack of health-related awareness among Indian population.