In the economic sphere, ‘Liberalism’ stood for the freedom of markets and the abolition of state-imposed restrictions on the movement of goods and capital. Duties were levied according to the weight or measurement of the goods which were different for different states. Liberalisation meant reduction of custom , duties and removal of these quotas. A unified economic territory allowing the unhindered movement of goods, people and capital was the need of the hour. In 1834, Zollverein, a customs union abolished tariff barriers and reduced the number of currencies from over thirty to two. This was the main concept of Liberalisation prevalent in the 19th century in Europe.
Canals were built and lands were drained in the Mekong delta, to increase rice cultivation, by the government. Forced labour for construction were of irrigation facilities to improve rice cultivation was used and infrastructure and transportation facilities were developed for the export of agricultural produce. Infrastructure projects were undertaken for the transportation of goods for trade, movement of military garrison and to establish control over the entire region.
In the economic sphere, ‘Liberalism’ stood for the freedom of markets and the abolition of state-imposed restrictions on the movement of goods and capital. Duties were levied according to the weight or measurement of the goods which were different for different states. Liberalisation meant reduction of custom , duties and removal of these quotas. A unified economic territory allowing the unhindered movement of goods, people and capital was the need of the hour. In 1834, Zollverein, a customs union abolished tariff barriers and reduced the number of currencies from over thirty to two. This was the main concept of Liberalisation prevalent in the 19th century in Europe.
The Democratic reforms can be carried out by various movements like party movements or an unofficial uprising of people, candle marches, boycott or other movements by NGOs, political activists, not for profit organisations or simply a group of citizens.
Collateral is an asset, land, vehicle property or something valuable that the borrower pledges as a guarantee in return of the money he borrows from the lender. If the borrower fails to repay the money borrowed, the lender has the right to confiscate the collateral. Hence, its main importance is that it ensures the repayment of credit.
It is a technique of increasing the recharge of groundwater by collecting and storing rainwater by constructing structures, such as dug wells, percolation pits and check dams.
In most cases, the harvested water is usually redirected to storage tanks, cistern or reservoirs. First and foremost, the collection offers better and efficient utilization of energy resource. It is important because potable water is usually not renewable. The overall expenses used in setting up harvesting methods are much cheaper compared to other purifying or pumping means. Its maintenance is feasible on the economic front as it does not require deep pockets.
Harvesting allows the collection of large amounts of rainwater. Rainwater is usually free from harmful chemicals, which makes it ideal for irrigation purposes. Another important advantage is that it reduces the demand for potable water. It is important especially in areas with low water levels. Rainwater harvesting, thus, is considered a very reliable way to conserve water.
(i) Leader: A leader is the one who takes the major decisions of the party and his decision is the supreme command for the party. He contests elections and performs the administrative job.
(ii) Active Members: Another component of a political party are the active members who contest elections for the party and are elected as representatives. They are the ones, who climb the ladder from being the follower and become the assistants of the leaders to gain knowledge about politics.
(iii) Followers: The last one is the followers who support a political party and in elections make their party victorious. They are simply the ardent followers of the leaders and work under the able guidance of the active members.
Factors responsible for industrial location are as follows: (i) Availability of raw material is one major basic factor for the location of any industry, e.g. jute mills in West bengal are concentrated close to the source of raw material.
(ii) Climate also plays a major role in the concentration of industries at a certain place. Favourable weather conditions required for the growth & harvesting of the crop causes its industries to be located in certain places. For e.g. cotton textile industry are generally found in Maharastra and Gujarat because of favourable climatic conditions.
(iii) Availability of capital and other infrastructural facilities is also one reason. It is due to the availability of capital that Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai became big industrial centres. These places have banking facilities and well developed infrastructure.
(iv) Availability of both skilled and unskilled labour also governs the location of an industry. Cheap and abundant labour is one necessary condition which affects the location of an industry.
(v) The entire process of manufacturing is futile until the finished products reach the market and the consumers. Thus, the availability of ‘ a good market near by also benefits the owners.
(vi) Government policies, peace, protection of the environment play a vital role in the location of industries.
1. Democracy is a form of government, in which the citizens have a right to elect their representatives, of their own choice. It is people’s own government, thus a legitimate government.
2. Democracy ensures that decision making will be based on norms and procedures. The government follows all the rules and regulations and is accountable to the people.
3. In Democracy, the opposition parties question and criticise the policies of the government. This ensures that the laws being implemented are not prejudiced or autocratic.
4. Democracy enhances the dignity and importance of every individual in a nation.
5. Democracy generates trust and faith in the law and constitution among citizens.
6. The elections are regular, free and representative. The feeling of belongingness is generated among its citizens.
Globalisation creates and greater competition among producers. Both local and foreign producers have been of advantage to consumers, there is greater choice before these consumers who now enjoy improved quality and lower prices for several products. As a result, these people today, enjoy much higher standards of living than was possible earlier. MNCs have increased their investments in India over the past 20 years, which means investing in India has been beneficial for them. In these industries and services, new jobs have been created. Also, local companies supplying raw materials, etc. to these industries have prospered.
Several of the top Indian companies have been able to benefit from the increased competition. They have invested in newer technology and production methods and raised their production standards. Globalization has enabled some large Indian companies to emerge as multinational companies themselves. Globalization has also created new opportunities for companies providing services, particularly those involving IT.