Solution

(i) U.S.A
(ii) Because the U.S had invaded all these countries. The diagram shows USA’s hegemony and supremacy of power.
(iii) It gives the message that the U.S is a Superpower and has the might to push its interests in any part of the world.

Solution

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, or ASEAN, was founded in Bangkok on August 8, 1967, by the five founding member countries of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand.
The Association's goals and objectives are to:
(i) promote regional economic growth, social progress, and cultural development through collaborative efforts based on equality and collaboration, in order to create the foundation for a prosperous and peaceful Southeast Asian community.
(ii) To promote regional peace and stability through promoting justice and the rule of law in regional relationships. Observance of the United Nations Charter's ideals.

Solution

(i) Illegal migration: Since the 1971 war of independence that founded the state of Bangladesh, millions of Bangladeshi immigrants (the vast majority of whom are illegal) have poured into neighbouring India. While the Indian government has attempted to deport some of these immigrants, the two countries' porous border has made such an endeavour unfeasible.
(ii) Water disputes: Another cause of contention between India and Bangladesh is the sharing of Ganges water. When India chose to build the Farakka barrage to redirect water from the Ganges to the Hoogly River, it sparked a confrontation between the two countries (in India).

Solution

(i) Security Council Reform: Changing the permanent membership of the United Nations Security Council, which represents the world's power configuration in 1945, is a hot topic.
(ii) UN secretariat-transparency reform: On a more general level, advocates for UN reform demand that the UN administration be made more transparent, responsible, and efficient, including the direct election of the Secretary-General by the people.
(iii) Democracy reform: Another common demand is for the United Nations to become "more democratic" and a key institution of global democracy. This raises basic concerns about the UN's purpose and role. The United Nations does not rule the world; rather, it serves as a venue for the world's sovereign states to discuss issues and decide on collective action.
(iv) Human rights reform: During its tenure, the United Nations Commission on Human Rights was criticised for its high-profile views. It gave to member governments that did not protect their citizens' human rights. Several countries known to have committed grave human rights violations, such as Libya and Cuba, became members of the organisation.

Solution

(i) One of the most significant consequences of political globalisation is that nation-states become less important. Many countries have banded together to form trade blocs. Supranational institutions such as the European Union, the World Trade Organization, the Group of Eight, and the International Criminal Court, among others, have superseded or expanded national functions in order to enable international consensus.
(ii) Another significant effect of globalisation is the rising influence of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in public policy areas such as humanitarian relief and development. Many organisations have stepped forward with the goal of upgrading the world's poorest cultures, with significant investment of millions of dollars.
(iii) The US has recently intervened in a number of Middle Eastern Asian countries. The entire plan was to extract oil mines in exchange for control of these oil-rich countries' economic, political, social, and cultural systems.
(iv) One of globalization's significant contributions is the growth of global civic society. Civil society is made up of several groups that frequently protest capitalism.

Solution

Green Revolution Benefits:
The HYV seeds promised to produce significantly more grain on a single plant than standard seeds. As a result, the same amount of land could now produce significantly greater quantities of food grains than before.
Agriculture production has increased.
Green Revolution Drawbacks:
HYV seeds, fertilisers, and machinery were out of reach for poor farmers.
Only rice and wheat were part of the Green Revolution.

Solution

Solution

i) C Gujrat
ii) B Manipur
iii) D Amritsar
iv) A Koch, Bihar

Solution

The October Crisis fear in Cuba, also known as the Cuban Missile Crisis, was a 13-day confrontation in October 1962 between the Soviet Union and Cuba on one side and the United States on the other. The crisis is often viewed as the point at which the Cold War was on the verge of devolving into a nuclear war.
Because Cuba was a Soviet Union ally and received both diplomatic and financial aid from the Soviet Union, Nikita Khrushchev, the Soviet Union's leader, intended to turn Cuba into a Russian base. He deployed nuclear missiles in Cuba in 1962. The placement of these weapons exposed the United States to close-range fire for the first time.
Three weeks later, America learned that the Soviet Union had planted nuclear weapons in Cuba. Although US President John F. Kennedy and his aides were hesitant to do anything that could lead to a full-fledged war, he was quickly resolved to have Khrushchev remove the missiles from Cuba. As a warning to the Soviet Union, Kennedy ordered American warships to stop any Soviet ships heading to Cuba. In the aftermath of the Cuban Missile Crisis, a confrontation seemed inevitable.

Solution

(i) Staggered economy: The Soviet Union had expanded to a scale that allowed for continuous state planning. The enormous and complex Soviet economy grew too large for state planners to govern, and they were unwilling to allow more autonomy at the mid-managerial level in order to stay responsive at the local level. This resulted in failing economic policies (failure to respond to continual changes in a timely manner) and stifled innovation. 
(ii) The Soviet Union had also grown stagnant in terms of administration and politics. The Soviet Union's communist party, which had ruled for over 70 years, was not accountable to the people. Slow and suffocating management, corruption, the system's inability to address mistakes, and centralization alienated ordinary people.
(iii) Local Nationalism: As public opinion of the Soviet administration deteriorated (because to political blunders), nationalism increased inside individual republics, resulting in independence aspirations in Ukraine, Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.