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Class 12 > PYQ POLITICAL SCIENCE > 2016 > Set 3

2016

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Q1
Which two ideologies were involved in a conflict during the Cold War era and why ?

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Solution

The communist Soviet Union and the capitalist liberal democratic United States were at odds ideologically. The Soviet Union was a communist dictatorship, whereas the United States of America was a capitalist democracy that cherished freedom and hated communism.

Q2
While the Chinese economy has improved dramatically, why has every Chinese not received the benefits of the reforms ? Give any four reasons.

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Solution

The following are some of the reasons: Unemployment is on the rise. The working environment was deplorable. The state of the environment has deteriorated. Corruption is also on the rise.

Q3
Why do some countries question tne issue of India’s inclusion as a permanent member of the U.N. Security Council? Explain.

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Solution

Relations with Pakistan are strained. India's nuclear capabilities are causing anxiety in some countries. China is also opposed to India for strategic reasons. Other developing countries will ask for permanent membership if India is accepted Others believe that before India is represented, Africa and South America must be represented.

Q4
Explain the role of environmental Movements to meet the challenge of Environmental Degradation.

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Solution

(i)Some environmental movements operate on a global scale, whereas the majority operate on a local scale. They are among the world's most lively, diversified, and strong social movements. New forms of political action are formed or reinvented inside social movements.
(ii) These movements generate new ideas and long-term views about what one should and should not do in one's own life.
(iii) Forest movements in the south, such as those in Mexico, Chile, Brazil, Malasiya, and India, are protesting forest cleansing, which is increasing at an alarming rate. In this area, movements in the minerals industry concerning the use of chemicals, contamination of waterways, and community displacement are generating headlines. (iv) Those fighting against mega-dams form another category of movements. Anti-dam movements are pro-river movements that advocate for more sustainable and equitable river and valley management.

Q5
How did the coalition like character of the Congress Party give it an unusual strength ?

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Solution

A coalition brings together everyone who wants to be a part of it and helps to strike a balance on practically every subject.Internal disagreements are tolerated more readily, and the objectives of diverse groups and leaders are accommodated.Even if a group was dissatisfied, Congress's character allowed it to keep a party within it.The Congress Party's internal factionalism became a strength, rather than a problem.

Q6
State any six post Cold War changes that have necessitated reforms to make the U.N. work better.

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Solution

The United Nations now has 193 member nations. General Secretary Antonio Guterres, a former Portuguese Prime Minister, is the UN's most visible public figure and representative. Reform and improvements are essential for every organisation to meet the demands of a changing environment, and post-Cold War shifts have prompted adjustments.The United Nations was founded in 1945, shortly after World War II ended. It was organised and operated in such a way that it reflected the realities of world politics following WWII. Those realities have changed since the end of the Cold War. Some of the modifications that have occurred are as follows:
The Soviet Union has collapsed.
The US is the strongest power.
The relationship between, Russia, and the US is much more cordial.
China is fast emerging as a great power, and India also is growing rapidly.
The economies of Asia are growing really fact.

Q7
What is meant by traditional notions of internal and external security ?

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Solution

The traditional definition of security encompasses both external and internal security risks to a country. Internal dangers include the preservation of internal peace, security, and order, as well as the recognition of cooperative security in order to reduce violence, internal military actions, and separatist movements. External security encompasses threats from foreign armed forces, deterrent, defence, and power balance, as well as alliance formation
 Internal security in the traditional sense: Traditional security must also consider internal security. Internal security' was more or less guaranteed for the world's most powerful countries after WWII. Following 1945, the Unified States and the Soviet Union appeared to be united and could look forward to peace within their own borders. Most powerful countries in Europe were not threatened by tribes or populations residing within their boundaries. However, newly independent Asian and African countries were plagued by civil strife. 
 Traditional notions of external security: The Cold War was the period following WWII, when the US-led Western alliance confronted the Soviet-led Communist aAiahce. The two alliances were wary of one other's military attacks. In addition, certain European nations were concerned about violence in their colonies from colonial people seeking independence.

Q8
What is Sardar Sarovar Project ? Which benefits are expected to be if the project becomes successful ? Also state the issues of rehabilitation and relocation associated with it.

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Solution

In the Narmada Valley, the Sardar Sarovar Project is a large-scale development project. It's a mega dam project in Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and Maharashtra that will include 30 large dams, 135 medium dams, and about 3000 small dams.
Advantages: Water for irrigation: In Gujarat, over 75% of the command area is drought-prone, while in Rajasthan, the whole command is drought-prone. This area will soon be drought-free thanks to a reliable water source
(ii) Electricity generation
(iii) Flood control: Dams, in addition to assisting farmers, also aid in the avoidance of flooding-related deaths and property damage. Flood control dams collect floodwaters and either release them into the river below the dam under controlled conditions, or store or channel the water for the purposes. Dams have been erected for millennia to help control destructive floods.
Concerns: Approximately 245 villages have been affected, and residents of these villages must be relocated and repaired. Basic amenities are lacking at resettlement sites. Compensation for displaced individuals is frequently provided in the form of land that is unfit for farming or habitation.

Q9
While trying to forge and retain unity in diversity in India, there are many difficult issues which are yet to be tackled. Describe any three such areas of tension.

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Solution

(i)Tensions that stand in the way of maintaining unity in diversity: the Jammu and Kashmir issue. There were some difficulties in the North-East about which there was no agreement on whether they should be part of India or not. Nagaland and Mizoram are undergoing strong separatist movements.
(ii) Protests in several sections of the country for the construction of a new state based on language
.(iii) The initial phase of nation-building was insufficient. Punjab, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, and Uttrakhand have all faced new obstacles.

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2016

Q1 Which two ideologies were involved in a conflict during the Cold War era and why ?

Solution

Q2 While the Chinese economy has improved dramatically, why has every Chinese not received the benefits of the reforms ? Give any four reasons.

Solution

Q3 Why do some countries question tne issue of India’s inclusion as a permanent member of the U.N. Security Council? Explain.

Solution

Q4 Explain the role of environmental Movements to meet the challenge of Environmental Degradation.

Solution

Q5 How did the coalition like character of the Congress Party give it an unusual strength ?

Solution

Q6 State any six post Cold War changes that have necessitated reforms to make the U.N. work better.

Solution

Q7 What is meant by traditional notions of internal and external security ?

Solution

Q8 What is Sardar Sarovar Project ? Which benefits are expected to be if the project becomes successful ? Also state the issues of rehabilitation and relocation associated with it.

Solution

Q9 While trying to forge and retain unity in diversity in India, there are many difficult issues which are yet to be tackled. Describe any three such areas of tension.

Solution

Subjects

Q1
Which two ideologies were involved in a conflict during the Cold War era and why ?

Q2
While the Chinese economy has improved dramatically, why has every Chinese not received the benefits of the reforms ? Give any four reasons.

Q3
Why do some countries question tne issue of India’s inclusion as a permanent member of the U.N. Security Council? Explain.

Q4
Explain the role of environmental Movements to meet the challenge of Environmental Degradation.

Q5
How did the coalition like character of the Congress Party give it an unusual strength ?

Q6
State any six post Cold War changes that have necessitated reforms to make the U.N. work better.

Q7
What is meant by traditional notions of internal and external security ?

Q8
What is Sardar Sarovar Project ? Which benefits are expected to be if the project becomes successful ? Also state the issues of rehabilitation and relocation associated with it.

Q9
While trying to forge and retain unity in diversity in India, there are many difficult issues which are yet to be tackled. Describe any three such areas of tension.