Describe the basis on which archaeologists identified the centers of craft production in the Harappan culture.

Explain the sources of revenue of Village Panchayats during the Mughal rule in India.

Examine the impact of ‘Limitation Laws’, passed by the British in 1859.

“There are indications of complex decisions being taken and implemented in the Harappan society.” In the light of this statement, explain whether there may have been rulers to rule over the Harappan society.

Describe the economic and social conditions of the people living in rural areas from c. 600 BCE to 600 CE.

“Ibn Battuta found cities in the Indian subcontinent full of exciting opportunities.” Explain the statement with reference to the city of Delhi.

“Sufism evolved as a reaction to the growing materialism of the Caliphate as a religious and political institution.” Elucidate.

Examine the participation of the Taluqdars of Awadh in the Revolt of 1857.

Explain why some hill stations were developed during the colonial period in India.

“By 1922 Gandhi transformed Indian nationalism, thereby redeeming the promise he made in his BHU speech of February 1916. It was no longer a movement of professionals and intellectuals; now, hundreds of thousands of peasants, workers and artisans also participated in it. Many of them venerated Gandhiji, referring to him as their ‘Mahatma’. They appreciated the fact that he dressed like them, lived like them and spoke their language. Unlike other leaders he did not stand apart from the common folk, but empathized and even identified with them.”
In the light of the above passage, highlight any four values upheld by Mahatma Gandhi.