Main features of plantation agriculture practised in different regions in the world :
Plantation agriculture was introduced in the tropical lands by Europeans and North Americans primarily in the colonies ruled by them. Plantation crops are coffee, tea, banana, sugarcane, pine apples etc.
Estate for plantation are of very large size, sometimes running into the thousands of hectares.
It requires large capital investments, managerial and technical support and scientific method of cultivation.
The labour is supplied by local people at cheaper rates while technical and skilled assistance comes from temperate lands.
Cheap transport is required to link the estates with factories and markets for export of products.
Gujarat Industrial Region: The nucleus of this region lies between Ahmedabad-Vadodara as a result is also known as Ahmedabad-Vadodara industrial region. The main features of growth of this region are :
This region extends upto Valsad and Surat in the south and Jamnagar in the west.
This region is associated with cotton growing tracts with the location of textile industries.
The discovery of oil and gas in the Gulf of Khambhat area led to the establishment of various oil refineries and petrochemicals around Ankleshwar, Vadodara and Jam Nagar.
Kandla port provides the basic infrastructure for import and exports.
Development of other heavy and basic chemicals, dyes, pesticides, engineering machinery, textile machinery, pharmaceuticals and dairy products have developed in this region.
Surat has the best diamond cutting and processing units in the world.
Due to better roads and highways, transport facilities are available in plenty.
Age structure is the number of people of different age groups.
(i) Generally the population is categorised into three broad age groups :
(a) children,
(b) adults and
(c) aged
Most countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America have high birth rates and they have large populations in the lower age group. Countries having low birth rates and high life expectancy have more people in old age groups.
(iii) If we draw a triangular shaped pyramid having wide base and taper top this is a typical diagram to show age and sex structure of populations. The base and apex represent the youngest and oldest age groups respectively.
(iv) This triangular pyramid is typical of less developed countries like Nigeria in Africa, Bangladesh in Asia and Mexico in South America.