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Russia and India share a vision of a multipolar world order. Indian military gets most of its hardware from Russia. Since India is an oil importing nation, Russia is important to India and has repeatedly come to the assistance of India during its oil crises. Russia is important for India’s nuclear energy plans and assisted India’s space industry by giving the Cryogenic rocket when India needed it. This is another reason for the strong ties of relationship between the two countries.

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Relationship with Russia is the key pillar of India’s foreign policy. Under the special and privileged partnership, the two countries share several institutionalized dialogue mechanisms and operate at both political and officials levels to ensure regular interactive and follow up cooperation activities. They help India maintain very peaceful relations with Russia without strongly aligning to its ideology.

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Human security reveals a people-centered and multi-discripilinary understanding of security It involves a number of research fields, including development studies, international relations, strategic studies arid human rights.

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The broad concept of human security includes threats from hunger, diseases and natural disasters which kill more people than war, genocide and terrorism combined.

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Terrorism: It refers to political violence that targets civilians deliberately, and indiscriminately.
Health Epidemics: Like HIV, AIDS, bird flue and SARS have rapidly spread across country.
Human Rights: Individuals need to be protected from human rights violation and exploitation. People try to exploit and deprive others of their basic human rights, which leads to a lot of problems.
Global Poverty: Global poverty is another source of insecurity. This threatens human beings, their lives, their health and their living standards.

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(i) (1) Capitalist model
(2) Socialist model.

(ii) India did not accept the capitalist model of development in which development was left entirely to the private sector nor did it follow the socialist model in which private property was abolished and all the production was controlled by the state.

(iii) Mixed economy is an economy where both private and public sector co-exist together. Its basic features are :
Both the sectors work within invisible lands of market forces and visible lands of planning set by government.
‘State owned’ means of production is present for social welfare and ‘private owned’ means of production is present to be regulated by states. All individuals have freedom to produce goods and products.

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(i) Congress dominated the political scene of India after independence for more than 50 years.
(ii) India is not the only country to havejdominance of one party, we have some other-examples for the same. However, the dominance of one party in Indian democracy does not compromise with democratic spirit of constitution whereas in China, the constitution only permits the presence of a single party, thus compromising with the spirit of democracy.

(iii) One party system stifles public sector innovation. The rule become corrupt and nepotistic. One party dominance allows for authoritarian rule. This kind of government is the unpopular kind for people are not allowed to express contradictory thoughts, they are left out of decision making process.

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(i) The China wall shown is related to China.
(ii) Its economy, together with other factors such as population landmass, human capital, resources, regional location and political influence makes it a very strong and powerful country. Its strength is emphasised with the picturization of Dragon.

(iii) A superpower is defined as a country that has global influence over others in cultural, technological, military and political spheres, and China is emerging as a strong contender for the position. China is the world’s top exporting and trading country, having exported $430.3 billion worth of goods into the US in 2017. The sheer size of its population (over one billion people), combinecUvith a growing middle class has given the Country unrivaled buying power. China has become the most important destination for foreign direct Investment. Its entry in WTO has further helped to shape its future economic order.

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