Solution
Three causes of the split in the congress party in 1969 :
(i) Disagreements with the syndicate: Following the 1967 elections, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi had to deal with the syndicate, a group of powerful and influential congress leaders who had played a key role in her election as the party's leader.
These leaders expected her to listen to their suggestions. Indira Gandhi, on the other hand, gradually tried to consolidate her power by putting the Syndicate on the back burner. Following President Zakir Hussain's death in 1969, their rivalry erupted in the presidential elections, as well as disagreements over Indira Gandhi's reforms.
(ii) Presidential Elections of 1969: In 1969, President Zakir Hussain died, leaving the position of President of India vacant. Despite Mrs. Gandhi's objections, the 'Syndicate' picked N. Sanjeeva Jleddy, a long-time opponent, as the official congress candidate. In retaliation, Gandhi encouraged Vice-President V. V. Giri to run for President as an independent candidate. The defeat of N. Sanjeeva Reddy marked the beginning of the party's division into two factions: the congress (organisation) and the congress (leadership) led by Indira Gandhi (Requisitionists).
(iii) Indira Gandhi's Reforms: The Congress leaders were not pleased with Indira Gandhi's revolutionary actions. She had initiated a slew of programmes, including public food distribution, land reforms, nationalisation of fourteen private banks, and the eradication of the 'privy purse,' or individual bank account.
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