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Q11
Why were the Paharias, living in the Rajmahal hills, forced to withdraw deeper into the hills? How was their life affected? Explain.

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Q12
How do the British pictures of the mutiny of 1857 offer a variety of images that were meant to provoke different emotions and reactions? Explain.

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Q13
‘Some scholars see partition as a columniation of a communal politics that started developing in the opening decades of the twentieth century.” Examine the statement.

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Solution

The development and role of numerous communal groups was a major element in India's division. The Muslim League was formed in 1906 to promote and protect the interests of Muslims. The desire for greater political rights by Muslims awoke Hindus, and the Hindu Mahasabha was established in 1915 as a result. They asked that Hindus be given more political rights and participation in various government organisations.
Later, the Sikh League and the Akali Dal were formed to advocate for Sikhs. These celebrations undoubtedly heightened communal emotions and fostered a sense of solidarity among many cultures, particularly Hindus and Muslims.
Many occurrences occurred between 1920 and 1930, causing tensions. There were several riots. Many Hindu organisations sprang up as a result. They established a cleansing campaign (Shuddhi Karan) and began playing communal cards. The Hindu Mahasabha established Hindu identity in opposition to Muslim identity, and music played in front of mosques grew more common.
Urdu became the language of Muslims, whereas Hindi became the nguage of Hindus. Hindus and Muslims both experienced an uptick in communal sentiments.
After 1923, Hindus were enraged by the fast development of 'tabligh' (propaganda) and 'tanzim' (organisation).
Due to these intentional acts by various religious groupings, the divide between Hindus and Muslims has grown.
The sectarian parties, the Hindu Mahasabha and the Muslim League, did poorly in the 1937 elections.
Concerned for their survival, both parties began to turn to religion to get support from the people. When the Congress resigned in 1939, the British backed the Muslim League, and they were asked to establish the provincial governments. In order to undermine the National Movement, the British designated the Muslim League as the only representative of Muslims, giving them the ability to reject any political agreement. The Muslim League realised that the British would scarcely offer the Muslim League anything after the nation became free if they gave in to all of their sectarian demands. The Muslim League wanted a separate state because they feared Hindu dominance after India became independent.

Q14
“The discussions within the constituent assembly were also influenced by the opinion expressed by the public.” Examine the statement.

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Q15
Explain the striking features about the location of Vijayanagar, its water resources and its fortifications.

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Q16
Explain how during 16t’ and 17′ h centuries agriculture was organized around two major seasonal cycles by giving examples of different crops.

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Q17
Explain the changes reflected in the history of urban centers in India during the 18th century with special reference to the network of trade.

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Solution

During the 18th century, the towns underwent several important changes, including the following:
1. The Death of Old Towns and the Birth of New Towns: The 18th century saw governmental and commercial reorganisation, as well as the demise of ancient towns and the development of new towns. The cities linked with Mughal administration began to deteriorate as the Mughals' influence waned. The Mughal capital towns of Delhi and Agra began to lose political prominence.
2. Regional Capitals Gaining Significance: Regional capitals such as Lucknow, Hyderabad, Seringapatam, Pune, Baroda, and Tanjore have begun to acquire importance.Traders, bureaucrats, craftsmen, and others seeking job and favour began to migrate to new cities, abandoning the old Mughal centres. New urban communities such as qasbah and ganj were utilised by some local notables and authorities. Political decentralisation had a mixed effect. Some places had increased economic activity, while others experienced economic collapse due to political instability.
3. Changes in Trading Networks: Changes in trade networks impacted the history of urban centres. During the Mughal period, European commercial firms established settlements in various parts of the nation.The Portuguese built Panaji, the Dutch built Masulipatnam, the British built Madras, and the French built Puducherry. The great sea-based European empires supplanted the land-based Asian empires by the end of the eighteenth century. International commerce, mercantilism, and capitalism all influenced the nature of civilization.
4. The Decline of Renowned Trading Centers: By the middle of the 18th century, a new era of transformation had begun. During the 17th century, prominent commercial centres like as Surat, Masulipatnam, and Dhaka began to collapse, and trading activity began to concentrate in other locations.
5. Battle of Plassey's Impact: In 1757, the Battle of Plassey cemented British control in Bengal. As a consequence, the Company's territory grew significantly. Many colonial port cities, like as Madras, Calcutta, and Bombay, have since swiftly developed into new economic capitals. These cities quickly rose to prominence as key colonial authority and administration centers. People were so drawn to these towns that they became the largest cities in India in terms of population about 1800.a Africa and Spain, and it was mentioned as one of the principal crops of western India by the seventeenth century.Tomatoes, potatoes, and chillies, as well as fruits like the pineapple and papaya, were brought in from the New World during this period.

Q18
16. Explain the sources from which we can reconstruct the political career of Gandhiji and the history of the nationalist movement.

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Solution

Autobiographies and private letters provide us with a wealth of information about a person. With this information, we can establish a fairly good assessment of the individual's philosophy and career. Gandhiji's letters and autobiography, for example, are extremely helpful in comprehending Gandhiji and his ideas. The following are some of the different types of sources that may be used to learn about Gandhiji's political career:
1. Autobiographies: They provide us with a historical account that is rich in human detail. Autobiographies are typically written from recollection and are retroactive descriptions. They reveal what the author was able to recall, what he or she considered significant or was repeating, and how a person wished for others to see his or her life.
2. Inner Letters: They provide us a look into a person's private thoughts. People express their rage and grief, their dismay and fear, their hopes and disappointments in letters in a way that they might not be able to convey in public remarks. Gandhiji published letters received to him throughout the national movements in his magazine Harijan on a regular basis. Bunch of Old Letters was a compilation of letters compiled by Nehru.
3. Government Records: At the time, the letters and reports made by cops and other authorities were kept secret, but they may now be found in archives. The home department's monthly report from the early twentieth century is one of these sources. These reports were based on information provided to the police by localities, but they often expressed what the officials saw or wanted to believe, such as the home department's refusal to accept that Mahatma Gandhiji's actions had elicited any enthusiastic response from the masses in fortnightly reports for the period of the salt march.
4. Newspaper Records: While covering the events of the Indian National Movement and Gandhiji's political career, both Indian and foreign media played an essential role. Every detail presented in the state reports cannot be taken as true representations of the events that occurred. Often, these facts familiarise us with the anxieties and concerns of the officials who had been unable to manage the movement and were far too concerned about it gaining traction. They couldn't make up their minds on whether or not to arrest Gandhiji. They were also unable to comprehend what would happen if Gandhiji was detained. As a result, it may be argued that private letters and memoirs provide narratives that differ from official ones in various ways.

Q19
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:<BR>
“That is very good, Sir — bold words, noble words” Somnath Lahiri said:
Well, Sir, I must congratulate Pandit Nehru for the fine expression he gave to the spirit of the Indian people when he said that no imposition from the British will be accepted by the Indian people. Imposition would be resented and objected to, he said, and he added that if need be we will walk the valley of struggle. That is very good, Sir — bold words, noble words. But the point is to see when and how are you going to apply that challenge. Well, Sir, the point is that the imposition is here right now. Not only has the British Plan made any future

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Q20
“The real minorities are the masses of this country” Welcoming the Objectives Resolution introduced by Jawaharlal Nehru, N.G. Ranga said:
Sir, there is a lot of talk about minorities. Who are the real minorities? Not the Hindus in the so-called Pakistan provinces, not the Sikhs, not even the Muslims. No, the real minorities are the masses of this country. These people are so depressed and oppressed and suppressed till now that they are not able to take advantage of the ordinary civil rights. What is the position? You go to the tribal areas. According to law, their own traditional law, their tribal law, their lands cannot be alienated. -Yet our merchants go there, and in the so-called free market,

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2012

Q11
Why were the Paharias, living in the Rajmahal hills, forced to withdraw deeper into the hills? How was their life affected? Explain.

Solution

Q12
How do the British pictures of the mutiny of 1857 offer a variety of images that were meant to provoke different emotions and reactions? Explain.

Solution

Q13
‘Some scholars see partition as a columniation of a communal politics that started developing in the opening decades of the twentieth century.” Examine the statement.

Solution

Q14
“The discussions within the constituent assembly were also influenced by the opinion expressed by the public.” Examine the statement.

Solution

Q15
Explain the striking features about the location of Vijayanagar, its water resources and its fortifications.

Solution

Q16
Explain how during 16t’ and 17′ h centuries agriculture was organized around two major seasonal cycles by giving examples of different crops.

Solution

Q17
Explain the changes reflected in the history of urban centers in India during the 18th century with special reference to the network of trade.

Solution

Q18
16. Explain the sources from which we can reconstruct the political career of Gandhiji and the history of the nationalist movement.

Solution

Solution

Solution

Subjects

2012

Q11 Why were the Paharias, living in the Rajmahal hills, forced to withdraw deeper into the hills? How was their life affected? Explain.

Solution

Q12 How do the British pictures of the mutiny of 1857 offer a variety of images that were meant to provoke different emotions and reactions? Explain.

Solution

Q13 ‘Some scholars see partition as a columniation of a communal politics that started developing in the opening decades of the twentieth century.” Examine the statement.

Solution

Q14 “The discussions within the constituent assembly were also influenced by the opinion expressed by the public.” Examine the statement.

Solution

Q15 Explain the striking features about the location of Vijayanagar, its water resources and its fortifications.

Solution

Q16 Explain how during 16t’ and 17′ h centuries agriculture was organized around two major seasonal cycles by giving examples of different crops.

Solution

Q17 Explain the changes reflected in the history of urban centers in India during the 18th century with special reference to the network of trade.

Solution

Q18 16. Explain the sources from which we can reconstruct the political career of Gandhiji and the history of the nationalist movement.

Solution

Solution

Solution

Subjects

Q11
Why were the Paharias, living in the Rajmahal hills, forced to withdraw deeper into the hills? How was their life affected? Explain.

Q12
How do the British pictures of the mutiny of 1857 offer a variety of images that were meant to provoke different emotions and reactions? Explain.

Q13
‘Some scholars see partition as a columniation of a communal politics that started developing in the opening decades of the twentieth century.” Examine the statement.

Q14
“The discussions within the constituent assembly were also influenced by the opinion expressed by the public.” Examine the statement.

Q15
Explain the striking features about the location of Vijayanagar, its water resources and its fortifications.

Q16
Explain how during 16t’ and 17′ h centuries agriculture was organized around two major seasonal cycles by giving examples of different crops.

Q17
Explain the changes reflected in the history of urban centers in India during the 18th century with special reference to the network of trade.

Q18
16. Explain the sources from which we can reconstruct the political career of Gandhiji and the history of the nationalist movement.